Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and its Methodology

 

SLR

A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a structured method of collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing existing research on a specific topic. It follows a transparent and replicable process to minimize bias. Researchers define clear inclusion and exclusion criteria before screening studies. The process often uses frameworks like PRISMA to document search, screening, and selection steps. Ultimately, an SLR provides a comprehensive evidence base that supports academic research, policymaking, or practice guidelines.

SLR Methodology

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is an internationally recognized guideline that provides a structured framework for conducting and reporting SLRs. It ensures transparency, reproducibility, and completeness in how reviews are planned, executed, and presented. The latest version, PRISMA 2020, updates the original 2009 guideline with clearer standards and expanded reporting items.

Why PRISMA Matters

• Academic credibility: Journals often require PRISMA compliance for SLR submissions.
• Policy relevance: Ensures evidence-based decisions in governance, procurement, and healthcare.
• Global standard: Widely adopted across disciplines for systematic evidence synthesis.

Key Features of PRISMA for SLR

• Checklist (27 items): Covers title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and funding.
• Flow Diagram: Visualizes the screening process (identification, inclusion, exclusion of studies).
• Abstract Checklist: Ensures concise and standardized reporting in abstracts.
• Transparency: Promotes reproducibility by documenting search strategies, inclusion criteria, and data extraction methods.
• Applicability: Used across disciplines (medicine, social sciences, governance, etc.) for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

PRISMA Workflow in SLR Methodology

Here’s how PRISMA integrates into the SLR process:

Step	PRISMA Role	Example in Practice
1. Identification	Document databases searched, keywords, and filters	PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science search logs
2. Screening	Record number of studies excluded (duplicates, irrelevant)	Flow diagram shows 500 → 200 after screening
3. Eligibility	Apply inclusion/exclusion criteria	Only peer-reviewed, English-language studies
4. Inclusion	Final set of studies analyzed	45 studies included in synthesis
5. Reporting	Use PRISMA checklist to ensure completeness	Methods detail search strategy, bias assessment