School of Technology, Innovation and Research (TIR)

                        International Journal of Engineering, Technology and Natural Sciences PDF Why Digital Procurement Alone Isn't Enough? Electronic Government Procurement (e-GP) promises greater transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public spending but does digitizing procurement actually solve the problems it's meant to fix? The core takeaway:   Technology alone can't fix procurement governance. Real transformation requires institutional reform alongside digital tools  stronger system reliability, deeper process automation, better banking integration, expanded training, and mechanisms that open the door wider for smaller contractors. The message for policymakers is clear that  e-GP shouldn't be treated as a finished project once the software is live. It's an ongoing institutional transformation  and without addressing the human, procedural, and regulatory layers around it, digital proc...

Question may arises on, Is it write to make a SOWT analysis of research report based on findings or based on whole research report ie considering all sections? Answer- Findings-based is the right call, not whole-report. Because a SWOT analysis is meant to be an evidence-based snapshot of the actual object under study.   Draw the SWOT from: Descriptive statistics Hypothesis testing / structural model results Qualitative themes from IDIs/KII and open-ended responses Don't treat these as SWOT source material: Literature review   explore in general, Methodology describes how you collected data, not what you found. Introduction/Problem Statement sets up the gap in the literature, not a finding about study. Conclusion Write your SWOT based on your findings of the study that will helpful to write stragegic implication.

  SLR A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a structured method of collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing existing research on a specific topic. It follows a transparent and replicable process to minimize bias. Researchers define clear inclusion and exclusion criteria before screening studies. The process often uses frameworks like PRISMA to document search, screening, and selection steps. Ultimately, an SLR provides a comprehensive evidence base that supports academic research, policymaking, or practice guidelines. SLR Methodology Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is an internationally recognized guideline that provides a structured framework for conducting and reporting SLRs. It ensures transparency, reproducibility, and completeness in how reviews are planned, executed, and presented. The latest version, PRISMA 2020 , updates the original 2009 guideline with clearer standards and expanded reporting items. Why PRISMA Matters...

  Balanced Meal Procurement Large-scale nutrition habits may be influenced by public procurement, especially in establishments like training academies, schools, and hospitals. It is well known that eating a plant-based diet lowers the risk of non-communicable diseases. Human rights and cultural preferences for meat consumption must also be respected in procurement policies. This blog makes an argument that building procurement frameworks that support healthy meals is a more successful strategy than using exclusionary measures. This strategy combines the idea of personal choice with the health advantages of plant-based diets. Therefore, future procurement should investigate how procurement techniques may provide a balanced meal that balances human rights, nutrition, and sustainability.  It may be more fruitful to emphasize that procurement should lead to balanced meals .  A future research direction could therefore explore how procurement policies can ensure a balanced m...

  Tracer Study and Training Impact Assessment Dr. Rashid Tracer Study? A tracer study is a type of research method used to track and collect data on the outcomes and experiences of individuals after they have completed a specific program or activity. This is commonly used in educational, vocational, and training contexts to evaluate the effectiveness of programs and to understand the long-term impacts on participants. For example, universities might conduct tracer studies to track the employment status, career progression, and further education of graduates. The goal is to understand how well the program prepared them for the real world, and whether it met their needs and expectations. Key components of a tracer study often include: 1.     Survey or Interview : Gathering data directly from individuals (graduates, trainees, etc.). 2.     Follow-Up : Checking in with participants after a certain time has passed (often a few months or y...

  Building Skills for Tomorrow: A Multi-Level Approach to Training Needs Assessment Dr. Engr. Md. Abdur Rashid Director (Research & Publication), NAPD ORCID Id In today’s rapidly evolving world, training is no longer a luxury—it is a necessity. From digital governance to project appraisal, institutions must continuously adapt to meet new challenges. But how do we ensure that training programs are relevant, effective, and aligned with national priorities?   In Bangladesh Planning Commission, there are six primary divisions, these are organized into various sectors, with some sources mentioning up to 17 specialized sectors across these divisions, focusing on areas like health, education, transport, and energy . The answer lies in a multi-level Training Needs Assessment (TNA) framework to ensure sector based capacity development . Now let get clear idea on sector, organization, and course level TNA. In general, sector level broad TNA can be carried out, followed by th...

  Financial vs. Economic Appraisal: Lessons from Real Case Studies Dr. Engr. Md. Abdur Rashid Director (Research & Publication) NAPD, Dhaka, Bangladesh When we talk about project appraisal, we’re really asking one big question: Should this project go ahead? It’s the final checkpoint before financing, where feasibility, costs, and broader impacts are weighed. But here’s the catch — a project that looks profitable on paper may not always deliver real value to society. That’s where the distinction between financial appraisal and economic appraisal becomes crucial. Economic Appraisal: The Society’s Lens Economic appraisal goes beyond financial returns, focusing on societal impact : Social cost-benefit analysis Shadow pricing to adjust for market distortions Effects on income distribution, savings, and investments Contribution to national goals: self-sufficiency, employment, and social order Financial Appraisal: The Investor’s Lens Financial apprais...