School of Technology, Innovation and Research (TIR)

Blog Article: PLS vs. SEM  Date- 29 September, 2026 Dr. Engr. Md. Abdur Rashid Director (Research & Publication) NAPD, Bangladesh In the research world and data analysis, researchers often face the challenge of choosing the right structural equation modeling technique. Two popular approaches a)      Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) b)      Covariance-Based SEM (CB-SEM) Both above may look similar at first glance, but they serve very different purposes. Understanding their distinctions is crucial for anyone working with complex models in social sciences, management, or governance. PLS-SEM is often described as a prediction-oriented method. It thrives in situations where the researcher’s goal is to explain variance, explore new theories, or deal with formative constructs. Because it does not rely on strict assumptions of normality, PLS-SEM is flexible and can handle smaller sample sizes and highly complex models. This makes it parti...

Prompt Engineering: A Guide with Practiced Example Dr. Rashid @ NAPD Preface I am writing this guide day by day to promote knowledge on efficient use AI tools Like Claude, Gemini, Copilot, MetaAI, ChatGPT etc. I am updating this blog article following daily work experiences. I am trying to compare different AI tools using same prompt. Geting exciting experiences. Updating each experince.  The objective is to enable your capacity getting accurate response avoiding erroneous and generic type response by AI tools. Introduction: Prompt engineering matters because the same AI model can produce a vague, generic answer or a sharp, usable one, depending entirely on how the request is framed. For an organization like NAPD, where AI tools are increasingly used to draft reports, summarize policy documents, or prepare training material, a shared vocabulary and a repeatable structure for writing prompts turns AI use from a hit-or-miss exercise into a dependable part of the workflow. ...

Case Study on NPV, IRR and BCR calculation Facilitator- Dr. Engr. Md. Abdur Rashid Director (Research & Publication) NAPD   Google Scholar          ORCID Case Study 1 Mr. Raihan wants to invest 1000000 takas. Mr. Raihan is going to purchase 3 years’ savings certificate. Study shows that yearly profit of Al Arafa Bank is 10.00%. On the other hand, savings certificate interest rate is 9%. Calculate NPV, IRR and BCR. Give investment decision on 3 years’ savings certificate. Calculate- 1.     Yearly cash flow considering year 3 get return of original investment taka 10,00000 2.     NPV 3.     IRR 4.     BCR 5.     Give investment decision C  Calculation: Yearly Cash Flow Initial Investment (Year 0): –1,000,000 taka Yearly Interest (9% of 1,000,000): 90,000 takas per year Return of Principal at Year 3: 1,000,000 taka So the cash flow stream is:...

                        International Journal of Engineering, Technology and Natural Sciences PDF Why Digital Procurement Alone Isn't Enough? Electronic Government Procurement (e-GP) promises greater transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public spending but does digitizing procurement actually solve the problems it's meant to fix? The core takeaway:   Technology alone can't fix procurement governance. Real transformation requires institutional reform alongside digital tools  stronger system reliability, deeper process automation, better banking integration, expanded training, and mechanisms that open the door wider for smaller contractors. The message for policymakers is clear that  e-GP shouldn't be treated as a finished project once the software is live. It's an ongoing institutional transformation  and without addressing the human, procedural, and regulatory layers around it, digital proc...

Question may arises on, Is it write to make a SOWT analysis of research report based on findings or based on whole research report ie considering all sections? Answer- Findings-based is the right call, not whole-report. Because a SWOT analysis is meant to be an evidence-based snapshot of the actual object under study.   Draw the SWOT from: Descriptive statistics Hypothesis testing / structural model results Qualitative themes from IDIs/KII and open-ended responses Don't treat these as SWOT source material: Literature review   explore in general, Methodology describes how you collected data, not what you found. Introduction/Problem Statement sets up the gap in the literature, not a finding about study. Conclusion Write your SWOT based on your findings of the study that will helpful to write stragegic implication.

  SLR A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is a structured method of collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing existing research on a specific topic. It follows a transparent and replicable process to minimize bias. Researchers define clear inclusion and exclusion criteria before screening studies. The process often uses frameworks like PRISMA to document search, screening, and selection steps. Ultimately, an SLR provides a comprehensive evidence base that supports academic research, policymaking, or practice guidelines. SLR Methodology Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) is an internationally recognized guideline that provides a structured framework for conducting and reporting SLRs. It ensures transparency, reproducibility, and completeness in how reviews are planned, executed, and presented. The latest version, PRISMA 2020 , updates the original 2009 guideline with clearer standards and expanded reporting items. Why PRISMA Matters...

  Balanced Meal Procurement Large-scale nutrition habits may be influenced by public procurement, especially in establishments like training academies, schools, and hospitals. It is well known that eating a plant-based diet lowers the risk of non-communicable diseases. Human rights and cultural preferences for meat consumption must also be respected in procurement policies. This blog makes an argument that building procurement frameworks that support healthy meals is a more successful strategy than using exclusionary measures. This strategy combines the idea of personal choice with the health advantages of plant-based diets. Therefore, future procurement should investigate how procurement techniques may provide a balanced meal that balances human rights, nutrition, and sustainability.  It may be more fruitful to emphasize that procurement should lead to balanced meals .  A future research direction could therefore explore how procurement policies can ensure a balanced m...