e-Governance and e-Government in Bangladesh
e-Governance and e-Government in Bangladesh
Governance:
The actual term
governance comes from an ancient Greek word, kebernon, which means to steer. In
current usage, to govern means to steer, control, and influence from a
position of authority.
Governance is an
exercise of power for steering social systems, as well as a process by which
organizations are directed, controlled, and held to account for their society.
Good
governance:
•
Good
governance has eight major characteristics:
1. Public Participation
2. Transparency
3. Effectiveness and Efficiency
4. Responsiveness
5. Accountability
6. Equity
7. Inclusiveness
8. Rule of Law
What
is the Relation Between ICT and Governance?
ICT
+ Governance = E-Governance
Why
e-Government?
ü Battling
bureaucracy
ü Improving
efficiency
ü Better
Service delivery
ü Strengthening
governance and accountability
e-Government
Definition:
•
Basically e-government refers to the
utilization of ICT including web-based communications to enhance the speed,
efficiency, and effectiveness of service delivery by the government to the
citizens of different sections of society
• E-government is also termed as e-go,
Internet government, digital government, online government, or connected
government by different authors and agencies.
•
E-government encompasses online
interactions between
•
Citizens and government (C2G),
•
Between government and agencies (G2G),
•
Between government and citizens (G2C),
•
Between government and employees (G2E),
•
Between government and business (G2B)
etc.
•
Examples of e-government services are e-tax,
e-transportation, e-health and e-Procure, e-nothi , etc
E-Government- what it
is?
•
E-Government
is about applying information and communication technology to all aspects of a
government’s business where it makes sense to improve efficiency and
effectiveness in the achievement of policy and program outcomes.
E-government=Change Management and Transformation
• e-Government refers to the
implementation of information and communication technology (ICT) like internet,
to improve government activities and process. e-Government aims of increasing
transparency, efficiency and citizen involvement in the various government
schemes, operations and process. Hence it speeds up the justice delivery system
in the country.
•
Whole of the
Government Approach to Transform Governance
e-Governance
Definition:
•
E-governance is the process in a way
that an e-Government can give full services through ICT tools.
•
In most countries, the government is the
largest user of computers and related technology with the objective of
enhancing public service delivery through information technology. Citizen will
take ICT based e-services to ease their life.
What
are the ICT Tools?
•
Internet
•
Hardware
•
Software
•
Network infrastructure
•
Database
•
Human Ware
E-governance
Attributes:
•
Honesty comes from the e-governance.
Every mind of officers towards service to citizen ignores self interest.
National interest is above the personal interest. e-Governance policy is
something automated so that service is an automatic matter despite provider
willingness.
•
Efficiency is maximum at e-governance.
Secondary School Certificate (S.S.C) and Higher Secondary School Certificate
(H.S.C) examination result of 8 education boards of Bangladesh of about 15 lac
student revealed within 2 months is the real example nowadays. This speedy
result processing system has no single data entry by hand. Data collection
using Optical Mark Reader (OMR), data validation, result processing, and print and
result publication through the web portal all are automated under the leadership of a systems analyst and about twenty ICT personnel at each board. There have 100%
system integrity and security.
•
Effectiveness (in terms of time, space, and money ensured by e-governance. The above examples have the reality that 8
educational boards computer center located at the same building in Dhanmondi
R/A, Dhaka making result in less cost. Because, though initial investment for
software, hardware is so big but it is very cheaper for long term perspective.
The result is prepared within 2 months.
• Fairplay happened for the case of
service delivery as e-governance runs automatically and does not divide poor
and rich, village and town.
•
Reliability is hundred percent here. E-governance gives 100% output if input is
correct(GIGO). Business processes must be re-engineered for getting reliable
output. If garbage is input then garbage is output. So input data should be
correct for good reliable service from e-Governance system.
•
Participatory is the key tool to be
successful of any program. Present traditional administration has limited scope to
talk of any citizen to public officers and also with leaders. Now it is one-sided administration. Web portals designed should be such that citizen can submit
their opinion directly from anywhere. Good e-governance ensures it.
•
Democracy that confirms access of all
classes of people to the leader.
• Accountability can be ensured here. Nobody can avoid his duty due to the hardness of software-based business process
logic.
•
Accessibility for e-services will be
easy for all citizens. There will not be a digital divide. All people from the village to town will functional same participation in e-Government services
almost through the internet and mobile phone.
• Transparency is available here. Because automation software has no sensor to sense any corrupt officer or culprit to
deviate from the system's integrity. Automation software always streamlines with
business rules.
•
Vision in decision making.
e-governance benefits:
•
5 main benefits to the governance for
development:
– Governance that is cheaper: Producing the same
output at lower total cost .
– Governance that does more: Producing more
outputs at the same total cost.
– Governance that is quicker: Producing the same
outputs at the same total cost in less time.
– Governance that works better: Producing the
same outputs at the same total cost at the same time but to a higher quality
standard.
– Governance that is innovative: Producing new
outputs.
e-governance
goals:
•
The ultimate goal of e-governance are as
follows:
o
Improve the internal organizational
process of governments
o
Provide better information and service
delivery
o
Improve government transparency in order to
reduce corruption
o
Reinforce political credibility and
accountability
o
Promote democratic practices through public
participation and consultation
o
Focus on disadvantaged communities, who
otherwise will be excluded
o
Provide that information or service which
otherwise will not be provided
o
Create
an outcome which in absence of ICT will not be produced efficiently or timely
Comprehensive
e-governance strategy:
•
Strategy components are:
– E-governance
Roadmap
– Institutional
Framework
– Technology
Infrastructure
– Business
Process Reengineering (BPR)
– Delivery
Mechanism
– Business
Continuity Plan and Disaster Recovery Plan
– Capacity
Building and Change Management
– Public
Awareness and Communication
E-governance
Performance Improvement Strategy:
•
Key Actions:
a.
Develop e-Gov implementation strategy
b.
Development of network backbone
c.
Development of quality assurance
strategy
d.
Development security assurance strategy
e.
Strategy for TCV (Reduce Time, Reduce
Cost, Reduce Visit) when designing e-services
f.
Bench marking for evaluation every after
2 years.
E-governance
Outcome: Empowering Citizens
E-governance Outcome:
a)
Transparency
b)
Accountability
c)
Elimination of Intermediary
d)
Encouraging Citizens to exercise their
Rights
Bangladesh
Government Online:
o
E-Passports
o
Issuing forms and licenses (http://www.forms.gov.bd/)
o
Filing tax returns online
o
Online Government orders/treasury orders
o
Online file movement system
(www.nothi.gov.bd)
o
E-Banking
o
Online Buss and Railway reservations
& ticketing
o
E-Sonchoypotro
o
Online VAT services (https://vat.gov.bd/)
o
Hotline (See the list at www.btrc.gov.bd)
o
E-commerce
o
E-Mutation
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