What is SPSS and SmartPLS?
SPSS vs SmartPLS Comparision Use SPSS ➜ when your study is simple, explanatory, or comparative Use SmartPLS ➜ when your study is theory-driven, predictive, or model-based Comparision Criteria SPSS SmartPLS Main purpose Statistical analysis Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Best for Descriptive & inferential stats Complex causal models Type of analysis Regression, t-test, ANOVA PLS-SEM Sample size Medium to large Small to medium Data normality Required Not required Latent variables ❌ Not supported ✅ Fully supported Path models ❌ No ✅ Yes Mediation / moderation Limited Strong & visual Journal preference Social sciences, po...